īeef cattle in Indonesia include native and exotic breeds. Small farms provide 65–70% of domestic beef production. Smallholder beef farms comprise 99.96% of the national beef cattle farms, while only 0.04% of farms are owned by companies. With 50% of the country’s human population, Java Island contributes more than 70% of total beef consumption and 42.6% of the cattle population. The eight areas with the densest cattle populations are the eastern part of North Sumatra, the southern part of Lampung, the eastern part of Central Java, Yogyakarta, the eastern part of East Java, Bali, the southern part of South Sulawesi and the southern part of East Nusa Tenggara province. The distribution of the beef cattle population is shown in Figure 1. As many as 60% of the beef cattle population resides in five provinces, with the largest cattle populations in the country being in East and Central Java, East and West Nusa Tenggara and South Sulawesi. Beef Cattle Industryīy 2019, the total cattle population in Indonesia was estimated to be 17.7 million, with the total beef cattle population standing at 17.1 million.
A brief Description of the Cattle Industries in Indonesia 2.1. All of these 37 references were included in this review. The information on BVDV in Timor-Leste was obtained from an Indonesian study. From Southeast Asia, nine peer-reviewed research articles published in journals were collected. In total, 28 references from Indonesian studies were collected, including 18 peer-reviewed research articles published in journals, one peer-reviewed review article published in a journal, and 9 non-peer-reviewed references including five theses, three conference proceedings, and one book. We also obtained articles from the university repository and from personal communication with authors. For the purpose of this study, we searched articles from Google Scholar using the keywords “BVD”, “BVDV”, “BVDV” and “Indonesia”, “BVDV” and “Cambodia”, “BVDV” and “Lao-PDR”, “BVDV” and “Malaysia”, “BVDV” and “Myanmar”, “BVDV” and “Philippines”, “BVDV” and “Thailand”, “BVDV” and “Vietnam”, “BVDV” and “Singapore”, “BVDV” and “Brunei” and “BVDV” and “Timor-Leste”.
#0817 nomor apa update
A brief review of the epidemiology of BVDV in Southeast Asia is also presented to update on the topic in the region. This review describes the cattle industries in Indonesia and the epidemiology of BVDV infection in Indonesian cattle and provides insight into the possible control options for the virus in the Indonesian cattle industries. Gaps in our knowledge of BVDV are identified in this review, and strategies for the control of BVDV in Indonesia are discussed. With the small-scale nature of the vast majority of cattle breeding in the country, the control of BVDV in provinces in which cattle breeding is economically essential may need to be organised by regional and provincial governments. Cattle imports from Australia appear to be potentially the most significant source of transmission of BVDV into native cattle, but the control of BVDV conducted in the local quarantine facilities is currently not achieving the aim of controlling BVDV thus, complementary measures are needed.
However, BVDV is currently not a priority disease to control in Indonesia. The subgenotypes of BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c are predominant in Indonesian cattle. Studies on BVDV in Indonesia, since its first report in that country, and the updated beef and dairy cattle industries are reviewed. This review aims to update the knowledge of the epidemiology of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in Indonesia and Southeast Asia and provide a perspective on the control options for BVDV in the Indonesian cattle population in the future.
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